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Illusion - Is Seeing Really Believing?
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Illusion - Is Seeing Really Believing (1998)(Marshall Media)[Mac-PC].iso
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00286_Field_286.txt
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1996-12-31
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What this research based on
direction of gaze means is not
yet clear because preference
and perception are both
determinants of the behavior
under study. A clear preference
to look at a certain object tells
us that the requisite perception
must be occurring, but the
absence of such a preference
can mean either the absence of
the necessary perceptual
ability or the absence of a
preference. Infants under a
month of age may have no
strong liking for a square as
compared to a circle, yet they
may perceive the difference.
That would help explain why
they gaze more at a
checkerboard than at an
outline square. Here they do
show a preference, perhaps
because degree of complexity is
a difference that makes a
difference to an infant. In
other words, a mere shape
difference without a
complexity difference may not
affect a two-week-old infantΓÇÖs
interest.
However, a revolutionary
methodological development in
infant research since the 1960s
has allowed us to obtain new
answers to old questions about
what the infant perceives. This
"habituation method" is
predicated on the fact that an
infant--even a two-day-old
infant--soon tires of what it
had been looking at and wants
to look at something new. The
method consists of first
presenting some object and
noting when the infant
habituates to it and looks away.
At that point the experimenter
presents something else. If this
"something else" is similar to
the initial object, the infant
will not dishabituate (i.e., will
keep looking away), but if it is
different, the infant will now
begin to look at the new object.
Thus we have a means of
knowing what does and does
not look similar to the infant,
which in turn tells us about its
perception.